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Teaching the Egyptian curriculum

Teaching methods: their importance, foundations and types

What we should pay attention to about teaching methods is that there is no teaching method that is better than another. Rather, there are educational situations that require us to adopt one method without another, a method that attracts students’ attention and fulfills their mental, emotional and skill needs.

1- definition
Teaching methods mean all the processes and activities that the teacher approaches in the classroom, as well as the teaching methods and situations he uses based on a solid plan that takes into account the learners’ level and abilities. This is in order to provide them with the knowledge, skills and attitudes that achieve the goals or competencies to be achieved at the end of the lesson.
The teacher may not be limited to using one teaching method, but he can integrate more than one method if he thinks that it will help his students in their learning. Thus, it is possible to use an audio or visual method, or to combine them (for example, using a video) or to use an audio method and another practical method (manual works) after he has listened to a lecture or an audio or video recording…etc.

2- The foundations of modern methods of teaching
Modern teaching methods are based on a set of pillars that aim to free the learner from all restrictions that hinder his learning, and open the way for him to be creative, give, participate and exchange experiences.
Among these pillars are:
Pushing the learner towards realizing his own abilities to reach knowledge on his own.
Employing differential pedagogy in the classroom.
Editing the mental processes of the learner and using them completely (observation, analysis, application installation, evaluation…).
Raising the critical sense and scientific thinking of the learner.
Educating the learner to work in a collective and cooperative form.

3- How does the teacher choose teaching methods?
The teacher faces several obstacles that may prevent him from using a particular teaching method. He is satisfied with another method that may be less effective than others. Several factors control this choice, some of which it is okay to list:
The level of learners and their own preparations.
The means available within the institution.
Insufficient school time for lessons.

  • Infrastructure.
    The teacher is constantly informed of educational and educational developments.
    The number of learners in the class.

4- Types of teaching methods
A-Teacher-based methods of teaching
It is possible to distinguish between several methods of teaching, and distinguish them as the active party in this process:
Presentation method: It is also called the lecture method, which is frequently used in teaching by many teachers as they are the owners of knowledge in the classroom.
The Herbartian method: a method devised by Frederick Herbert the German, in which he combined deduction and induction.
These methods are considered traditional and may not be suitable for students in the early educational stages.

B- Teaching methods that depend on the teacher and the learner together
They are all methods that depend in building the lesson on the positive and interactive role of the teacher and the learner together in accessing the intended knowledge. That is, learning takes place during the work of the learner and under the guidance of the teacher. Such as:
Cooperative learning: It is also called interactive learning (brainstorming, for example).
Scientific presentations: the experiments and means that the teacher adopts to present science lessons, where the facts are presented as they are in reality.
Project: It means intentional thinking whose goal is to achieve a learning.
Discussion: The discussion method is an educational method in which the students and the teacher exchange dialogue on a predetermined educational topic, taking care to achieve its goal.
Storytelling: It is an educational and learning method, the aim of which is to present the educational material by adopting the method of the story because of its positive impact on the hearts of students.

c- Learner-based teaching methods
Where the learner is required to access knowledge based on his own effort with simple guidance on the part of the teacher. These methods can be summarized as follows:
Educational bags: The educational bag is a set of devices, tools, materials and teaching aids that are used in educational activities.
Programmed education: Programmed education is the control of the experiences provided to learners, so that the learner can learn by himself, and correct himself and correct his mistakes.
Computer learning: that is, using the computer to achieve the desired learning, as the latter can achieve communication even after leaving school, which allows communication with the teacher and colleagues everywhere.

5- The importance of modern teaching methods
It has become imperative for the teacher today, to get acquainted with modern teaching methods, because of their effective impact on improving the quality of teaching and learning, because the traditional methods are no longer able to meet the needs of education in the 21st century, where the wheel of development has become very fast, so time must not be wasted. Wasting learning time by following methods that showed their bankruptcy and limitations.
Modern and effective teaching methods have enabled the learner today to shorten and burn distances in accessing, understanding and applying information, by simulating the social and economic reality in the classroom, evoking the reality of the society to which the learner belongs, and training to face all situations and prepare for new and emerging situations, by enabling The learner uses various means to confront the real reality and develop this reality and advance it for the better. This is the goal of the teaching-learning process that seeks to create a school that is open to its surroundings, by bringing the community into the heart of the school, and creating a school full of life by moving from passive teaching to active teaching, and from receiving to self-learning to cooperative learning.

Conclusion
Although the teaching methods represent a set of proven techniques to deliver knowledge in the simplest and best way, the last word remains for the teacher in the way he leads his class, and therefore he must implement his experiences, talents and abilities in order to find the best educational and didactic ways that suit his class.

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